ଉଇକିପିଡ଼ିଆ:IPA

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Below is a basic key to the symbols of the International Phonetic Alphabet. For the smaller set of symbols that is sufficient for English, see Wikipedia:IPA for English. Several rare IPA symbols are not included; these are found in the main IPA article. For the Manual of Style guideline for pronunciation, see Wikipedia:Manual of Style (pronunciation).

For each IPA symbol, an English example is given where possible; here "RP" stands for Received Pronunciation. The foreign languages that are used to illustrate additional sounds are primarily the ones most likely to be familiar to English speakers, French, German, and Spanish. For symbols not covered by those, recourse is taken to the populous languages Mandarin Chinese, Hindustani, Arabic, and Russian. For sounds still not covered, other smaller but well-known languages are used, such as Swahili, Turkish, and Zulu.

The left-hand column displays the symbols like this: ⁽ⁱ⁾ . Click on the speaker icon to hear the sound; click on the symbol itself for a dedicated article with a more complete description and examples from multiple languages. All the sounds are spoken more than once, and the consonant sounds are spoken once followed by a vowel and once between vowels.

This article includes inline links to audio files. If you have trouble playing the files, see Wikipedia Media help.

ବିଷୟସୂଚୀ:		A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z other Diacritic marks Brackets Rendering issues

Symbol	Examples	Description
^ top A
⁽ⁱ⁾	Mandarin 他 tā, German Mann	For many English speakers, the first part of the ow sound in cow. Found in some dialects of English in cat or father.
	Spanish casa, French patte
⁽ⁱ⁾	German , French gare	Long [a].
⁽ⁱ⁾	RP cut, German	(With English, [ɐ] is normally written "[ʌ]".)
⁽ⁱ⁾	Finnish , Dutch bad
⁽ⁱ⁾	RP father, French pâte	Long [ɑ].
	French , sans, temps	Nasalized [ɑ].
⁽ⁱ⁾	RP cot	Like [ɑ], but with the lips slightly rounded.
⁽ⁱ⁾		Like [ɔ], but without the lips being rounded. (When "[ʌ]" is used for English, it may really be [ɐ] or [ɜ].)
⁽ⁱ⁾	RP cat
^ top B
⁽ⁱ⁾	English babble
⁽ⁱ⁾	Swahili bwana	Like a [b] said with a gulp.
⁽ⁱ⁾		Like the brrr sound made when cold.
⁽ⁱ⁾	Spanish la Bamba	Like [b], but with the lips not quite touching.
^ top C
⁽ⁱ⁾	Turkish kebap " kebab", Czech stín "shadow", Greek και "and"	Between English tune (RP) and cute. Sometimes used instead for [tʃ] in languages like Hindi.
⁽ⁱ⁾	German Ich	More y-like than [x]. Some English speakers have a similar sound in huge. To produce this sound, try whispering loudly the word "ye" as in "Hear ye!".
⁽ⁱ⁾	Mandarin Xi'an, Polish ściana	More y-like than [ʃ]; something like English she.
⁽ⁱ⁾	see under O
^ top D
⁽ⁱ⁾	English dad
⁽ⁱ⁾	Swahili Dodoma	Like [d] said with a gulp.
⁽ⁱ⁾	American English harder	Like [d] with the tongue curled or pulled back.
⁽ⁱ⁾	English the, bathe
⁽ⁱ⁾ ¹	English adze, Italian zero
⁽ⁱ⁾ ¹	English judge
⁽ⁱ⁾ ¹	Polish niedźwiedź "bear"	Like [dʒ], but with more of a y-sound.
⁽ⁱ⁾ ¹	Polish dżem "jam"	Like [dʒ] with the tongue curled or pulled back.
^ top E
⁽ⁱ⁾	Spanish fe; French clé
⁽ⁱ⁾	German Klee	Long [e]. Similar to English hey, before the y sets in.
⁽ⁱ⁾	English above, Hindi ठग [ʈʰəɡ] (thug) "thief"	(Only occurs in English when not stressed.)
	American English runner
⁽ⁱ⁾	English bet
	French , vin, main; Polish mięso	Nasalized [ɛ].
⁽ⁱ⁾	RP bird (long)
	American English bird
^ top F
⁽ⁱ⁾	English fun
⁽ⁱ⁾	see under J
⁽ⁱ⁾	see under J
^ top G
⁽ⁱ⁾	English gag	(Should look like . No different from a Latin "g")
⁽ⁱ⁾	Swahili Uganda	Like [ɡ] said with a gulp.
⁽ⁱ⁾		Like [ɡ], but further back, in the throat. Found in Persian and some Arabic dialects for /q/, as in Gaddafi.
⁽ⁱ⁾	see under Z	English beige.
^ top H
⁽ⁱ⁾	American English house
⁽ⁱ⁾	English ahead, when said quickly.
		The extra puff of air in English top [tʰɒp] compared to stop [stɒp], or to French or Spanish [t].
⁽ⁱ⁾	Arabic محمد Muhammad	Far down in the throat, like [h], but stronger.
⁽ⁱ⁾	see under U
[ ɮ ]	see under L
^ top I
⁽ⁱ⁾	French ville, Spanish
⁽ⁱ⁾	English sea	Long [i].
⁽ⁱ⁾	English sit
⁽ⁱ⁾	Russian ты "you"	Often used for unstressed English roses.
^ top J
⁽ⁱ⁾	English yes, hallelujah, German Junge
	Russian Ленин [ˈlʲenʲɪn]	Indicates a sound is more y-like.
⁽ⁱ⁾	Spanish cayo (some dialects)	Like [j], but stronger.
⁽ⁱ⁾	Turkish gör "see", Czech díra "hole"	Between English dew (RP) and argue. Sometimes used instead for [dʒ] in languages like Hindi.
⁽ⁱ⁾	Swahili jambo	Like [ɟ] said with a gulp.
^ top K
⁽ⁱ⁾	English kick, skip
^ top L
⁽ⁱ⁾	English leaf
⁽ⁱ⁾	English wool Russian малый [ˈmɑɫɨj] "small"	"Dark" el.
⁽ⁱ⁾	Welsh llwyd [ɬʊɪd] "grey" Zulu hlala [ɬaːla] "sit"	Rather like [l] and [ʃ] or [l] and [θ] said together. Found in Welsh names like Lloyd and Llywelyn and Nelson Mandela's Xhosa name Rolihlahla.
⁽ⁱ⁾		Like [l] with the tongue curled or pulled back.
⁽ⁱ⁾		A flapped [l], like [l] and [ɾ] said together.
⁽ⁱ⁾	Zulu dla "eat"	Rather like [l] and [ʒ], or [l] and [ð], said together.
^ top M
⁽ⁱ⁾	English mime
⁽ⁱ⁾	English symphony	Like [m], but lips touch teeth as they do in [f].
[ ɯ ]	see under W
⁽ⁱ⁾	see under W
^ top N
⁽ⁱ⁾	English nun
⁽ⁱ⁾	English sing
⁽ⁱ⁾	Spanish Peña, French champagne	Rather like English canyon.
⁽ⁱ⁾	Hindi वरुण [ʋəruɳ]	Like [n] with the tongue curled or pulled back.
⁽ⁱ⁾	Castilian Spanish Don Juan [doɴˈχwan]	Like [ŋ], but further back, in the throat.
^ top O
⁽ⁱ⁾	Spanish no, French eau
⁽ⁱ⁾	German Boden, French	Long [o]. Somewhat reminiscent of English no.
⁽ⁱ⁾	German , French
⁽ⁱ⁾	RP law, French	Long [ɔ].
	French Lyon, son; Polish wąż	Nasalized [ɔ].
⁽ⁱ⁾	French feu, bœufs	Like [e], but with the lips rounded like [o].
⁽ⁱ⁾	German , French , neutre	Long [ø].
⁽ⁱ⁾	Swedish dum	Halfway between [o] and [ø]. Similar to [ʊ] but with the tongue slightly more down and front.
⁽ⁱ⁾	French bœuf, seul, German	Like [ɛ], but with the lips rounded like [ɔ].
⁽ⁱ⁾	French œuvre, heure	Long [œ].
	French brun, parfum	Nasalized [œ].
⁽ⁱ⁾	see under other
⁽ⁱ⁾	see under other
^ top P
⁽ⁱ⁾	English pip
^ top Q
⁽ⁱ⁾	Arabic ur’ān	Like [k], but further back, in the throat.
^ top R
⁽ⁱ⁾	Spanish perro, Scots borrow	"Rolled R". (Generally used for English [ɹ] when there's no need to be precise.)
⁽ⁱ⁾	Spanish pero, Tagalog daliri, Malay kabar, American English kitty/kiddie	"Flapped R".
⁽ⁱ⁾		A trill in the back of the throat. Found for /r/ in some conservative registers of French.
⁽ⁱ⁾	Hindi साड़ी [sɑːɽiː] "sari"	Like flapped [ɾ], but with the tongue curled back.
⁽ⁱ⁾	RP borrow
⁽ⁱ⁾	American English borrow, butter	Like [ɹ], but with the tongue curled or pulled back, as pronounced by many English speakers.
⁽ⁱ⁾	French is, German	Said back in the throat, but not trilled.
^ top S
⁽ⁱ⁾	English sass
⁽ⁱ⁾	English shoe
⁽ⁱ⁾	Mandarin 少林 ( àolín), Russian	Acoustically similar to [ʃ], but with the tongue curled or pulled back.
^ top T
⁽ⁱ⁾	English tot, stop
⁽ⁱ⁾	Hindi ठग [ʈʰəɡ] (thug) "thief"	Like [t], but with the tongue curled or pulled back.
⁽ⁱ⁾ ²	English cats, Russian царь tsar
⁽ⁱ⁾ ²	English church
⁽ⁱ⁾ ²	Mandarin 北京 ⁽ⁱ⁾ Běijīng, Polish ciebie "you"	Like [tʃ], but with more of a y-sound.
⁽ⁱ⁾ ²	Mandarin zh, Polish czas	Like [tʃ] with the tongue curled or pulled back .
^ top U
⁽ⁱ⁾	French vous "you"
⁽ⁱ⁾	French , German , close to RP food	Long [u].
⁽ⁱ⁾	English foot, German Bundesrepublik
⁽ⁱ⁾	Australian English food (long)	Like [ɨ], but with the lips rounded as for [u].
⁽ⁱ⁾	French lui	Like [j] and [w] said together.
⁽ⁱ⁾	see under W
^ top V
⁽ⁱ⁾	English verve
⁽ⁱ⁾	Hindi वरुण [ʋəruɳə] "Varuna"	Between [v] and [w]. Used by some Germans and Russians for v/w, and by some speakers of British English for r.
⁽ⁱ⁾	Arabic / Swahili ghali "expensive", Spanish suegro	Sounds rather like French [ʁ] or between [g] and [h].
⁽ⁱ⁾	Mandarin nán	Like [o] but without the lips rounded, something like a cross of [ʊ] and [ʌ].
[ ʌ ]	see under A
^ top W
⁽ⁱ⁾	English wow
	English rain [ɹʷeɪn]	Indicates a sound has lip rounding, quick.
⁽ⁱ⁾	what (some dialects)	like [h] and [w] said together
⁽ⁱ⁾	Turkish kayık "caïque"	Like [u], but with the lips flat; something like [ʊ].
⁽ⁱ⁾	Spanish agua
^ top X
⁽ⁱ⁾	Scottish English loch, German , Russian хороший [xɐˈroʂɨj] "good", Spanish joven	between [k] and [h]
⁽ⁱ⁾	northern Standard Dutch , Castilian Spanish Don Juan [doɴˈχwan]	Like [x], but further back , in the throat. Some German and Arabic speakers have [χ] for [x].
^ top Y
⁽ⁱ⁾	French rue	Like [i], but with the lips rounded as for [u].
⁽ⁱ⁾	German , French sûr	Long [y].
⁽ⁱ⁾	German	Like [ɪ], but with the lips rounded as for [ʊ].
⁽ⁱ⁾	Italian tagliatelle	Like [l], but more y-like. Rather like English volume.
⁽ⁱ⁾	see under U
⁽ⁱ⁾	see under V
[ ɣ ]	see under V
^ top Z
⁽ⁱ⁾	English zoos
⁽ⁱ⁾	English vision, French journal
⁽ⁱ⁾	formal Russian жжёшь [ʑːoʂ] "you burn", Polish źle	More y-like than [ʒ], something like beigey.
⁽ⁱ⁾	Mandarin 人民日报 Rénmín Rìbào "People's Daily", Russian жир "fat"	Like [ʒ] with the tongue curled or pulled back .
[ ɮ ]	see under L
^ top other
⁽ⁱ⁾	English thigh, bath
⁽ⁱ⁾	Japanese 富士 [ɸɯdʑi] uji, Māori [ˌɸaːɾeː'nuiː] arenui	Like [p], but with the lips not quite touching
⁽ⁱ⁾	English uh-oh, Hawai‘i, German die Angst	The 'glottal stop', a catch in the breath. For some people, found in button [ˈbʌʔn̩], or between vowels across words: Deus ex machina [ˌdeɪəsˌʔɛksˈmɑːkɨnə]; in some nonstandard dialects, in a apple [ʌˈʔæpl̩].
	Arabic عربي (^carabī) "Arabic"	A light sound deep in the throat.
⁽ⁱ⁾	English tsk-tsk! or tut-tut!, Zulu icici "earring"	(The English click used for disapproval.) Several distinct sounds, written as digraphs, including [ kǀ ], [ ɡǀ ], [ ŋǀ ]. The Zimbabwean MP ube has this click in his name, as did etshwayo.
⁽ⁱ⁾	English tchick! tchick!, Zulu ixoxo "frog"	(The English click used to urge on a horse.) Several distinct sounds, written as digraphs, including [ kǁ ], [ ɡǁ ], [ ŋǁ ]. Found in the name of the hosa.
⁽ⁱ⁾	Zulu iqaqa "polecat"	(The English click used to imitate the trotting of a horse.) A hollow popping sound, like a cork pulled from a bottle. Several distinct sounds, written as digraphs, including [ kǃ ], [ ɡǃ ], [ ŋǃ ].

ଉଇକିପିଡ଼ିଆ:IPA

Main symbols