M46 Patton

History

After World War II, most U.S. Army armored units were equipped with a mix of M4 Sherman and M26 Pershing tanks. Designed initially as a heavy tank, the M26 Pershing tank was reclassified as a medium tank after the war. The M26 was a significant improvement over the M4 Sherman in firepower and protection. Its mobility, however, was deemed unsatisfactory for a medium tank, as it used the same engine as the much lighter M4A3 and was plagued with an unreliable transmission.

Work began in January 1948 on replacing the original power plant with the Continental AV1790-3 engine and Allison CD-850-1 cross-drive transmission. This design was initially called the M26E2, but modifications continued to accumulate; eventually, the Bureau of Ordnance decided that the tank needed its own unique designation, the M46.^{[citation needed]} The upgraded M26 received not a new power plant and a main gun with a bore evacuator.

Upon completion of the first model off the Detroit Tank Arsenal production line in November 1948, the M46 was christened after the late General George S. Patton.^[6] By December the Army had ordered several hundred.^[7] In July 1950 Detroit Arsenal was producing Pershings and M46s at a rate of over a dozen a day.^[8] In August 1950 President Harry S. Truman authorized funding for increased M46 production as part an expansion of heavy tank development program.^[9]

In total, 1,160 M26s were rebuilt: 800 to the M46 standard, 360 to the M46A1.^{[citation needed]}