1793

Events

January–June

• January 7 – The Ebel riot occurs in Sweden.
• January 9 – Jean-Pierre Blanchard becomes the first to fly in a gas balloon in the United States.
• January 13 – Nicolas Jean Hugon de Bassville, representative of Revolutionary France, lynched by a mob in Rome.
• January 21 – French Revolution: After being found guilty of treason by the French National Convention, Citizen Capet, Louis XVI of France, is guillotined in Paris.^[1]
• January 23 – Second Partition of Poland: The Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia partition the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
• February 1 – French Revolutionary Wars: France declares war on Great Britain and the Netherlands.
• February 11 – French expedition to Sardinia: A French fleet under admiral Laurent Truguet debarks troops near Cagliari in Sardinia.
• February 22 – French expedition to Sardinia: A small French and Corsican force briefly occupies the small Sardinian island of La Maddalena, then withdraws to Corsica. Young lieutenant Napoleon Buonaparte was second-in-command.
• February 25 – George Washington holds the first Cabinet meeting, as President of the United States.
• February 27 – The Giles Resolutions are introduced to the United States House of Representatives, asking the House to condemn Alexander Hamilton's handling of loans.
• March 1–3 – John Langdon serves as President pro tempore of the United States Senate.
• March 4 – George Washington is sworn in as President of the United States in Philadelphia, for his second term. ^[2]
• March 5 – French troops are defeated by Austrian forces, and Liège is recaptured.
• March 7 – France declares war on Spain.
• March 18
  • Second Battle of Neerwinden: A coalition army of Habsburg Austria and Dutch Republic troops repulses attacks from French Republican forces, near Neerwinden, Flemish Brabant.
  • The first republican state in Germany, the Republic of Mainz, is declared by Andreas Joseph Hofmann.
• April 6 – The Committee of Public Safety is established in France, with Georges Danton as its head.
• April 9 – Edmond-Charles Genêt, France's new Minister to the United States, arrives at Charleston, South Carolina. ^[2]
• April 22 – George Washington signs the Neutrality Proclamation. ^[2]
• April 25 – The pioneer parishes of New Orleans and Louisiana are erected, as well as incorporated into the Diocese of Louisiana and the Two Floridas.
• May 25 – French expedition to Sardinia: The last French troops occupying the small Sardinian island of San Pietro surrender to a Spanish fleet.
• May 31 – French Revolution: Regular troops under François Hanriot demand that the Girondins be expelled from the National Convention.
• June – The Macartney Embassy, a British diplomatic mission to China led by George Macartney, 1st Earl Macartney, reaches Canton, but will be rebuffed by the Qianlong Emperor.^[3]
• June 2 – French Revolution: The Girondins are overthrown in France.
• June 10 – French Revolution: The Jardin des Plantes and the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle are created by the National Convention. The museum opens in Paris the following year, and the garden houses one of the first public zoos.

July–December

• July 9 – The Act Against Slavery is passed in Upper Canada.
• July 13 – French Revolution: Charlotte Corday kills Jean-Paul Marat in his bath.
• July 17 – French Revolution: Charlotte Corday is executed.
• July 20 – Scottish explorer Alexander Mackenzie's 1792–1793 Peace River expedition to the Pacific Ocean reaches its goal at Bella Coola, British Columbia, making him the first known person to complete a transcontinental crossing of northern North America.
• July 29 – John Graves Simcoe decides to build a fort and settlement at Toronto, having sailed into the bay there.
• August 1–November 9 – The yellow fever epidemic of 1793 hits Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; 5,000 die.
• August 10 – French Revolution – Feast of Unity: Crowds in Paris burn monarchist emblems.
  • The Louvre is officially opened in Paris, France.
• August 23 – French Revolution: The following universal conscription decree is enacted in France: "The young men shall go to battle and the married men shall forge arms. The women shall make tents and clothes and shall serve in the hospitals; children shall tear rags into lint. The old men will be guided to the public places of the cities to kindle the courage of the young warriors and to preach the unity of the Republic and the hatred of kings."
• September 5 – French Revolution: The National Convention begins the 10-month Reign of Terror.
• September 8 – The first Círio de Nazaré is celebrated in Belém.
• September 17 – The Army of the Eastern Pyrenees, one of the French Revoluntionary armies, defeats a Spanish force at the Battle of Peyrestortes.
• September 18 – The cornerstone to the future United States Capitol is dedicated by U.S. President Washington at the site of the new Federal City on the Potomac River. ^[2]
• October 5 – French Revolutionary Wars: Raid on Genoa – The British Royal Navy boards and captures French warships, sheltering in the neutral port of Genoa.
• October 15–16 – French Revolution – Battle of Wattignies: A French Republican force commanded by Jean-Baptiste Jourdan compels a Habsburg Austrian Coalition army to retire.

October 16: Marie Antoinette's execution

• October 16 – French Revolution: Marie Antoinette, the widowed queen consort of Louis XVI of France, is guillotined in the Place de la Révolution in Paris, at the conclusion of a 2-day trial before the Revolutionary Tribunal.
• October 24 – French Revolution:The French Republican Calendar is adopted by the National Convention.
• November 10 – The dechristianisation of France during the French Revolution reaches a climax, with the celebration of the Goddess of Reason, in the cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris.
• November 12 – Jean Sylvain Bailly, the first Mayor of Paris, is guillotined.
• December 8 – French Revolution: Madame du Barry is executed.
• December 9 – New York City's first daily newspaper, the American Minerva, is established by Noah Webster.
• December 18 – French forces under Dugommier capture Toulon from royalists and British forces under Vice Admiral Lord Hood. The British fire the dockyards and take 16 ships, one of which, the Lutine, becomes a famous treasure ship.
• December 23 – French Revolution – War in the Vendée – Battle of Savenay: A Republican force decisively defeats the counterrevolutionary Catholic and Royal Army, ending the Virée de Galerne.

Undated

• The First Coalition against France is formed during the year by Great Britain, the Dutch Republic, Spain, Portugal, the Holy Roman Empire, Naples and Tuscany.
• Dominique Jean Larrey, chief surgeon of the French Revolutionary Army, creates the first battlefield "flying ambulance" service.
• British troops invade the island of Saint-Domingue (modern-day Haiti) to suppress a slave rebellion, but are forced to withdraw by disease and the army of Toussaint Louverture.^[4]
• The Al Bu Falah move to Abu Dhabi.
• The first year of regular production begins for the United States Mint, and the half cent is minted for the first time.
• Niccolò Paganini debuts as a violin virtuoso, at age 11 in Genoa.